Levofloxacin loaded clove essential oil nanoscale emulsion as an efficient system against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm

Biofilm formation by bacteria has become one of the major reasons for escalation antimicrobial resistance. The present research focused on development, optimization and evaluation antibiofilm potential clove oil nanoscale emulsion (o/w) loaded with levofloxacin (LFX-NE) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. optimized NE was selected through construction pseudo-ternary phase diagrams found to be stable. particle size drug content LFX-NE 18.84 ± 0.5 nm 99.2 0.5%, respectively. It demonstrated high antibacterial activity 16-fold 8-fold reduction in MIC LFX P. Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae , able eradicate pre-formed biofilm as evidenced field emission scanning electron microscopy confocal laser microscopy. Antiquorum sensing study revealed inhibition quorum activity. non-irritant cytocompatible confirmed HET-CAM test safety normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) cell line. This demonstrates possible treatment non-healing wounds inflicted bacterial • Levofloxacin into (LFX-NE). showed nanometric excellent thermodynamic stability. eradicated mature after 6 h treatment. epithelial keratinocytes. great harbouring wounds.